Genetic risk for schizophrenia and autism, social impairment and developmental pathways to psychosis.
Velthorst E., Froudist-Walsh S., Stahl E., Ruderfer D., Ivanov I., Buxbaum J., iPSYCH-Broad ASD Group, the IMAGEN consortium None., Banaschewski T., Bokde ALW., Dipl-Psych UB., Büchel C., Quinlan EB., Desrivières S., Flor H., Frouin V., Garavan H., Gowland P., Heinz A., Ittermann B., Martinot M-LP., Artiges E., Nees F., Orfanos DP., Paus T., Poustka L., Hohmann S., Fröhner JH., Smolka MN., Walter H., Whelan R., Schumann G., Reichenberg A.
While psychotic experiences (PEs) are assumed to represent psychosis liability, general population studies have not been able to establish significant associations between polygenic risk scores (PRS) and PEs. Previous work suggests that PEs may only represent significant risk when accompanied by social impairment. Leveraging data from the large longitudinal IMAGEN cohort, including 2096 14-year old adolescents that were followed-up to age 18, we tested whether the association between polygenic risk and PEs is mediated by (increasing) impairments in social functioning and social cognitive processes. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) for the subset of participants (n = 643) with complete baseline and follow-up data, we examined pathways to PEs. We found that high polygenic risk for schizophrenia (p = 0.014), reduced brain activity to emotional stimuli (p = 0.009) and social impairments in late adolescence (p